01 - Preheat the oven to 425°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, salt, and caraway seeds until evenly distributed.
03 - If using raisins or currants, stir them into the dry mixture until thoroughly coated with flour.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, beaten egg, and melted butter until fully incorporated.
05 - Create a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Pour the wet mixture into the well and mix gently with a wooden spoon or hands until a shaggy dough forms. Avoid overmixing.
06 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and knead briefly just until it comes together, approximately 10 to 12 turns.
07 - Form the dough into a round loaf measuring approximately 7 to 8 inches in diameter.
08 - Transfer the loaf to the prepared baking sheet. Using a sharp knife, cut a deep cross pattern across the top of the dough.
09 - Bake for 35 to 40 minutes until the bread develops a golden brown crust and produces a hollow sound when tapped on the bottom.
10 - Allow the bread to rest on a wire rack for at least 30 minutes before slicing to ensure proper texture.