01 - Preheat oven to 350°F (180°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Scatter half of the cubed croissants evenly across the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
03 - In a medium bowl, beat together the softened cream cheese and granulated sugar until smooth and creamy. Add the eggs, whole milk, vanilla extract, and lemon zest, mixing until fully combined and no lumps remain.
04 - Toss the blueberries with the all-purpose flour in a small bowl to coat evenly. This prevents the berries from sinking during baking, especially when using frozen blueberries. Sprinkle half of the coated blueberries over the first croissant layer.
05 - Pour half of the cream cheese mixture over the first layer of croissants and blueberries. Arrange the remaining croissant cubes on top, followed by the rest of the blueberries. Pour the remaining cream cheese mixture over everything, pressing down gently so the croissants absorb the custard.
06 - Let the assembled casserole rest at room temperature for 10 minutes so the croissants soak up the custard. Alternatively, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight for a make-ahead option.
07 - Bake in the preheated oven for 35 to 40 minutes until the center is set, the top is golden brown, and a knife inserted in the middle comes out clean.
08 - Allow the casserole to cool for 10 minutes before slicing. Dust generously with powdered sugar and serve warm with maple syrup or whipped cream on the side if desired.