01 - In the bowl of a stand mixer, combine the warm milk, orange juice, and active dry yeast. Allow the mixture to rest for 5 minutes until the surface becomes foamy, indicating the yeast is active.
02 - Add the granulated sugar, eggs, melted butter, orange zest, and salt to the yeast mixture. Mix on medium speed until all wet ingredients are thoroughly combined.
03 - Gradually add the all-purpose flour while mixing on low speed. Continue mixing until a soft, slightly tacky dough forms. Add an additional sprinkle of flour if the dough is excessively sticky.
04 - Increase the mixer speed to medium and knead the dough for 5 to 8 minutes until it becomes smooth, pliable, and springs back when gently pressed.
05 - Lightly coat a large bowl with oil. Transfer the dough into the bowl, cover tightly with plastic wrap, and place in a warm, draft-free spot. Let the dough rise until it has doubled in size, approximately 1 to 1.5 hours.
06 - While the dough rises, combine the packed light brown sugar, softened butter, ground cardamom, cinnamon, and orange zest in a small bowl. Stir until the mixture is creamy and uniform.
07 - On a lightly floured work surface, roll the risen dough into a 16 by 12-inch rectangle, maintaining an even thickness throughout.
08 - Evenly spread the cardamom-orange filling across the surface of the dough, leaving a ½-inch border along all edges to prevent spilling during rolling.
09 - Starting from one long edge, roll the dough tightly into a cylinder. Pinch the seam firmly to seal and gently tuck the ends under.
10 - Using a sharp knife or unflavored dental floss, cut the log into 12 equal portions. Place each slice swirl-side up in a greased 9x13-inch baking dish.
11 - Cover the baking dish loosely with a towel or plastic wrap and let the buns rise until they appear puffy and have expanded to fill the dish, about 30 to 40 minutes. Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 350°F.
12 - Bake the buns on the center rack for 20 to 25 minutes until the tops are golden brown and the centers are fully cooked through. Allow the buns to cool in the dish for 10 minutes.
13 - Whisk together the powdered sugar, orange juice, and ground cardamom until a smooth, pourable glaze forms. Drizzle generously over the slightly warm buns before serving.